2010 NSS Convention
Essex Junction, Vermont, August, 2010

Spelean History Session Abstracts


Please Take Me Caving: Russell Trall Neville Meets Floyd Collins

Dean H. Snyder
3213 Fairland Dr.
Schnecksville, PA 18078
dsnyder3@ptd.net

In 1922, attorney Russell T. Neville of Kewanee, Illinois, and his daughter Julia traveled to Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. Neville, an accomplished amateur photographer, arrived with several greetings and references from Kewanee residents who used to live near the cave, including Andy Lee Collins, younger brother of Floyd. The Nevilles were disappointed at Mammoth Cave, finding the tour dull and the accommodations unremarkable. They next went to Crystal Cave, hoping to take photos inside the cave. Despite their differences, Floyd Collins and Russell Neville soon became friends. Over the next two summers, Collins took the Nevilles into other caves in the Mammoth Cave area.

During Floyd's entrapment in Sand Cave, Neville remained in Kewanee. He presented slides of Floyd and the cave area at the local theater. In July, 1925, the Nevilles visited Sand Cave, where they took several photos. Russell and Julia descended the rescue shaft with cave owner Bee Doyle to examine the spot where Floyd was trapped.

Neville continues to take visit cave for the next twenty-five years, and conducted lectures across the country that he called, "In the Cellars of the World." When he died suddenly in 1950, he had taken thousands of cave photos and presented 2,600 lectures. However, without the kind assistance of Floyd Collins, he never would have become "The Cave Man of Kewanee."


History of the Ownership of Sauta Cave

Charles A. Lundquist
Research Institute, von Braun Hall
University of Alabama
Huntsville, AL  35899
lundquc@uah.edu

William W. Varnedoe
5000 Ketova Way SE
Huntsville,  AL 35803
billvar@comcast.net

The history of ownership and use of Sauta Cave (AL 50) spans more than 200 years.  Until 1819, Sauta Cave was on the land of the Cherokees.  Their Sauta Town or Village was near the lower cave entrance.  In 1804 the Cherokee Council of Chiefs gave permission to a Colonel Ore to mine saltpeter in the cave and make gunpowder. During the War of 1812, a Cherokee, Richard Riley, operated a major saltpeter production. As a result of the 1819 US and Cherokee Treaty, Arthur Burns, by virtue of his Cherokee wife, was awarded a 640 acre reservation surrounding the cave. When he died, his heirs inherited the reservation.  In 1837, they sold the reservation to Jesse French, whose sons, Jeremiah and Henry, later inherited it. Via leases, they allowed several operators to achieve a very extensive saltpeter production during the Civil War.  Later, the cave ownership passed through a sequence of corporations: Southern Guano and Nitre Co (DE), Southern Guano Co (DE), American Mining and Chemical Co (AL) and Alabama Chemical Co (AL). A subsequent private owner, J. L. Mathews, attempted tourist commercialization and installed electric lights.  The last private owner, Harry E. Hoover, also had dreams of a show cave.  Ultimately in 1978, the cave property was acquired, through condemnation, by the United States, Fish and Wildlife Service. The Service has created the Sauta Cave Wildlife Preserve to protect the large endangered bat population in the cave.


Solving the Mystery of The Great Cave of Dry Fork of Cheat River

Doug McCarty
PO Box 61
Colfax, WV 26566
z9z9@comcast.net

In 1855, a Prof. George Jordan published a pamphlet entitled, “The Great Cave of Dry Fork of Cheat River”. Based on location information in the pamphlet, the cave in question appeared to be what is now called the Cave Hollow - Arbogast Cave System, in Tucker County, WV. When it was printed, the pamphlet was immediately controversial, because beyond the first few hundred feet, Jordan's description was not at all like the passage in the Cave Hollow System. Through the years, there have been two primary explanations for the discrepancy. Either Jordan greatly embellished his descriptions of Cave Hollow-Arbogast and fabricated features that weren't there, or he was describing some other cave.

The truth about Jordan's pamphlet remained unresolved for 155 years, until a serendipitous Google search turned up evidence suggesting that Jordan had plagiarized an article in an 1851 issue of “The Knickerbocker”. Using that article as a starting point, and searching through other 19th century sources, accumulated evidence strongly suggests that Jordan more or less accurately described the entrance and first few hundred feet of the Cave Hollow-Arbogast System, but that the rest of the "Great Cave" is a actually a thinly-disguised description of Howe's Cave in Schoharie County, New York.


Billy Alton Garrison, Caver and Art Scholar

Charles A. Lundquist
Research Institute, von Braun Hall
University of Alabama
Huntsville, AL  35899
lundquc@uah.edu

William W. Torode, NSS Librarian
2806 Cave Ave.
Huntsville, AL 35810
btorode@caves.org

The caver community abounds with individuals having diverse interests.  Indeed, the multifaceted character of the average caver is a cultural topic worthy of notice and study.  Sometimes an ardent caver becomes a notable figure in a field other than speleology.    Many examples of this circumstance can be cited.  Bill Garrison is such an example.  Bill was born in Russellville, Alabama on February 9, 1941 and moved to Huntsville in 1957.  In Huntsville he became interested in caving, and joined the NSS on April 11, 1959.  By March 1960 he had published two articles in the NSS NEWS and others in the Huntsville Grotto Newsletter.  However, in March 1960, he left for a tour of duty in the US Army, after which returned to Huntsville.  In Huntsville, Bill again began caving with gusto. His home became a meeting place for his many caver friends and caving visitors.  But he also developed an intense interest in the art of Vincent van Gogh, and started collecting all the books on van Gogh that he could find.  Eventually his obsession for the works of van Gogh crowded out his caving activities.  He became a world authority on van Gogh and produced a comprehensive bibliography of publications by and on van Gogh.  On July 2, 2009, Bill Garrison died in Anderson, South Carolina.  His daughter, Utica Garrison Crouch donated his extensive book collection and the van Gogh bibliography to the Archives at the Salmon Library of the University of Alabama Huntsville


George Ehrenfried and the Boston Grotto

Kevin Harris
15 Chaucer Rd.
Nashua, NH  03062
kevin.w.harris@comcast.net

George Ehrenfried (NSS 2099) died in January 2010 at the age of 95.  George helped found the Boston Grotto in 1952 as a splinter group of the MIT Outing Club, and provided an essential thread of continuity all the way to the present.  When he visited a Met Grotto booth at an outdoor activities conference in 1951, George was already an experienced outdoorsman and amateur geologist.    George’s giving and intrepid spirit helped overcome the perennial issues of maintaining a grotto in a cave-poor area: long travel times, high turnover, low recruitment rate, experience retention, and personal conflicts.  His wide and deep knowledge of the natural and human history of the region made him a valuable resource and welcome companion in hundreds of outings near and far.  He encouraged, and contributed to, every aspect of grotto activities, both of local and national interest.  In the early days, he contributed to exploration and vertical techniques.  In the middle years, he met the love of his life, Joanne Roberts, at a Grotto meeting, and developed a lifelong love of the geology and caves of Iceland.  In later years, he loved to lead grotto trips to his favorite caves, climbs, hikes, geologic formations, and cultural events and artifacts.  He put his chemistry degree (Harvard, 1936), to good use with a lifetime of contributions to the science, industry, and practice of photography.  On behalf of NSS, he helped with the 1996 SpeleoDigest and the 2002 Convention Guidebook, but his biggest contribution was introducing hundreds of people to caving and respect for the outdoors.


Mapleton Cave, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania

Jack H. Speece
711 E. Atlantic Ave.
Altoona, PA  16601

Mapleton Cave, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, was discovered during quarry operations in 1901.  This 1,500 foot long, straight tunnel cavity was reported to have many splendid formations.  A single picture postcard verifies this claim.  Several early written accounts also describe the cave.  Some have reported that the cave is buried under a talus slope while others say it was quarried away.  The cave still lives in the minds of many of the local residents.  What remains of the cave still remains a mystery.


"The Tunnel" and Other Mysteries from Cave Hill, Augusta County, Virginia
Gems from a Short-Lived Local Newspaper

Jim McConkey
604 Shirley Manor Rd
Reisterstown, MD 21136
mcjames@comcast.net

Weyers Cave, now known as Grand Caverns, is the oldest continuously operating show cave in the United States and its history is inextricably tied to that of the town that was built around it, Shendun (now Grottoes), Virginia. Shendun was a boom town of the post-Civil War recovery days. Founded by Stonewall Jackson's mapmaker, Maj. Jedediah Hotchkiss, it rose meteorically out of nowhere and quickly flamed out only three years later. Maj. Hotchkiss founded a newspaper in town, the Shendun News, which was outfitted with the newest and finest printing equipment available anywhere in the Shenandoah Valley. More of a propaganda organ for the town than an unbiased newspaper, it still contains numerous tidbits about the caves and karst features of Cave Hill, home to Grand Caverns, Fountain Cave, Madison's Cave and some twenty others. One of the biggest mysteries of Cave Hill was a report of a tunnel being dug to connect Fountain and Weyers Caves. Tidbits from the Shendun News shine a little light on this mystery, and even open up a few more.


Stephen Bishop At Mammoth Cave

Roger W. Brucker, NSS 1999, HLF, H, A&L
1635 Grange Hall Rd.
Dayton, OH  45432
roger.brucker@sbcglobal.net

Stephen Bishop, 1821-1857, a slave born in Glasgow, KY on the Lowry farm, was tendered in trade for legal services to attorney Franklin Gorin.  In 1838 Gorin purchase Mammoth Cave for $5,000 from saltpeter merchant Hyman Gratz.  Gorin and his slaves moved to Mammoth Cave and immediately improved the property by renovating the hotel and continuing the cave touring business.  Stephen, 17, learned the tour routes and spiel.  He indulged his curiosity by exploring when the tour business was slack.  His first discovery, Gorin’s Dome, was widely acclaimed in Gorin’s articles sent to newspapers.  Stephen and a tourist crossed the Bottomless Pit, opening Pensacola Avenue, River Styx, and Echo River.  John Croghan purchased the cave and its slaves.  Stephen ranged beyond Echo River into Sillimans Avenue and upward into Cleveland Avenue and Franklin Avenue.  In 1842 he drafted a map, published in 1844, showing in schematic fashion the 20 or more miles of cave he had discovered plus the eight miles known before Stephen arrived.  Stephen will be remembered as the prototype of modern systematic cave explorers, the prototype of modern guiding that combines science with entertainment, and the economic engine that put Mammoth Cave on the map of American natural wonders.  Stephen’s wife, Charlotte, accompanied Stephen into some remote parts of the cave, as witnessed by her autograph far beyond tourist routes.



 -- end of abstracts --
(last updated or verified on July 7, 2010)

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